Fresh informations

“Blinker” redirects here. For other uses, see Blinker (disambiguation).
The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to provide illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle’s presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver’s intentions regarding direction and speed of travel.
Contents
1 Forward illumination
1.1 Headlamps
1.1.1 Dipped beam (low beam, passing beam, meeting beam)
1.1.2 Main beam (high beam, driving beam, full beam)
1.2 Auxiliary lamps
1.2.1 Driving lamps
1.2.2 Fog lamps
1.2.3 Cornering lamps
1.2.4 Spot lights
2 Conspicuity devices
2.1 Retroreflectors
2.2 Front position lamps (parking lamps)
2.3 Dim-Dip Lamps (UK Only)
2.4 Rear position lamps (tail lamps)
2.5 Rear registration plate lamp
2.6 Sidemarker lights
2.7 Daytime running lamps
2.8 Rear fog lamps
3 Signalling devices
3.1 Turn signals
3.1.1 Electrical connection & Switching
3.1.2 Turn signal colour
3.1.3 […]

“Blinker” redirects here. For other uses, see Blinker (disambiguation).
The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signalling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to provide illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle’s presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver’s intentions regarding direction and speed of travel.
Contents
1 Forward illumination
1.1 Headlamps
1.1.1 Dipped beam (low beam, passing beam, meeting beam)
1.1.2 Main beam (high beam, driving beam, full beam)
1.2 Auxiliary lamps
1.2.1 Driving lamps
1.2.2 Fog lamps
1.2.3 Cornering lamps
1.2.4 Spot lights
2 Conspicuity devices
2.1 Retroreflectors
2.2 Front position lamps (parking lamps)
2.3 Dim-Dip Lamps (UK Only)
2.4 Rear position lamps (tail lamps)
2.5 Rear registration plate lamp
2.6 Sidemarker lights
2.7 Daytime running lamps
2.8 Rear fog lamps
3 Signalling devices
3.1 Turn signals
3.1.1 Electrical connection & Switching
3.1.2 Turn signal colour
3.1.3 […]

“Headlight” redirects here. For other uses, see Headlight (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007)
Delco electrical ignition and lighting system, creating the modern vehicle electrical system.
“Dipping” (low beam) headlamps were introduced in 1915 by the Guide Lamp Company, but the 1917 Cadillac system was much more useful as it allowed the light to be dipped with a lever inside the car rather than requiring the driver to stop and get out. The 1924 Bilux bulb was the first modern unit, having the light for both low (dipped) and high (main) beams of a headlamp emitting from a single bulb. A similar design was introduced the next year by Guide Lamp called the “Duplo”. In 1927, the foot-operated dimmer was introduced and would become standard for much of the century. The last vehicle with […]

“Headlight” redirects here. For other uses, see Headlight (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007)
Delco electrical ignition and lighting system, creating the modern vehicle electrical system.
“Dipping” (low beam) headlamps were introduced in 1915 by the Guide Lamp Company, but the 1917 Cadillac system was much more useful as it allowed the light to be dipped with a lever inside the car rather than requiring the driver to stop and get out. The 1924 Bilux bulb was the first modern unit, having the light for both low (dipped) and high (main) beams of a headlamp emitting from a single bulb. A similar design was introduced the next year by Guide Lamp called the “Duplo”. In 1927, the foot-operated dimmer was introduced and would become standard for much of the century. The last vehicle with […]

“flood light” redirects here. For other uses, see floodlight.
15 kW xenon short-arc lamp used in IMAX projectors
High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps include following types of electrical lamps: mercury vapor, metal halide (also HQI), high-pressure sodium (HPS) and less common, xenon short-arc lamps. The light-producing element of these lamp types is a well-stabilized arc discharge contained within a refractory envelope (arc tube) with wall loading in excess of 3 W/cm² (19.4 W/in²).
Compared with fluorescent and incandescent lamps, HID lamps produce a far higher quantity of light per unit area of lamp package.
Contents
1 Construction
2 Auxiliary devices
3 Applications
4 End of life
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
//
[edit] Construction
Diagram of a high pressure sodium lamp.
HID lamps produce light by striking an electrical arc across tungsten electrodes housed inside a specially designed inner fused quartz or fused alumina tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metals. The gas aids in the starting of the lamps. […]

Retroreflector
Gold corner cube retroreflector
Uses
Optical delay line
Distance measurement
A retroreflector is a device or surface that reflects a wave front back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the angle of incidence. This is unlike a mirror, which does that only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front.
Contents
1 Types of retroreflectors
2 Operation
3 Applications
3.1 Retroreflectors on roads
3.2 Retroreflectors on the Moon
3.3 Retroreflectors in Earth orbit
3.4 Retroreflectors and invisibility
3.5 Retroreflectors and communications
3.6 Other uses
4 References
5 External links
//
[edit] Types of retroreflectors
Retroreflection is usually obtained in one of two ways:[1]
with a set of three mutually perpendicular mirrors which form a corner (a corner reflector or corner cube), or
with reflecting and refracting optical elements arranged so that the focal surface of the refractive element coincides with the reflective surface, typically a transparent sphere and a spherical mirror - this same effect may be achieved with a single transparent sphere […]

A burnt-out sealed beam, broken open to show internals. When the lamp burns out the whole assembly (reflector, lamp, lens array) must be replaced. The advantage is very good alignment, and being completely impervious to dirt, moisture, etc.
A sealed beam is a type of lamp that includes a reflector and filament as a single assembly, over which a front cover (lens), usually of clear glass, is permanently attached. The previous design was like that of common flashlights (electric torches), which have a separate small bulb which is fitted in front of a parabolic reflector and covered with a transparent cover, which in the case of a headlamp is ribbed to avoid glare from the filament. This cover would be clamped on with a grommet in between to try to seal it; the method’s deficiencies were what prompted the sealed beam system. The subsequent design has the reflector sealed to the […]

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Parktronic, also called Acoustic Parking System (APS) or Park sensor (Park radar), is a parking-assistance system installed on some Audi & Mercedes vehicles, and new BMW vehicles as well.
Parktronic uses ultrasonic sensors embedded in the front and rear bumpers to measure distance to nearby objects. The system emits an intermittent warning tone (and in some other luxury marques, it offers visual signals through LCDs on the dashboard and above the rear window) to indicate how far the car is from an obstacle.
As the distance decreases, the warning tone becomes faster. It first sounds when the car is approximately 5 feet from the obstacle and is operating in speeds less than 9 mph, and the tone becomes continuous when only 8 inches remain. Parktronic can be switched off for situations such as stop-and-go traffic. Mercedes-Benz and BMW also use the Parktronic name.
Parktronic is a registered trademark of Audi AG.
Other Audi Luxury […]